Recorded in waste land, scrub margins, around old homesteads (Webb et al, 1988) ruderal sites, hedgerows, vineyards (Hanf, 1983) along roadsides, in clearings, around barnyards and in uncultivated soils (Mitich, 2005) crops (Bostian et al, 1999) upper and lower coastal plain (Caulkins & Wyatt, 1990) damp river bottom woods, well-drained open uplands, old orchards, gardens, old pastures, ravines, river banks, low woods near creek, woods flooded in spring, alluvial woods, low ground not present in mountain areas (Sauer, 1952). Native to southeastern Canada, eastern United States and northeast Mexico (Sauer, 1952) and naturalised throughout the world (Hanf, 1983), including New South Wales and Queensland (Hewson, 1984) and New Zealand (Webb et al, 1988). This weed is not known to be naturalised in Victoria
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